Background: Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <1,50,000/µL) is one of the most common haematological problems in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). It is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the sick infants and accounts for up to 20 to 40% of admissions to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Materials and Methods: A total of 100 new born patients were enrolled in the study. Complete blood count, thrombocytopenia and sepsis was done on patients. Results: It was observed that neonatal thrombocytopenia is the common haematological abnormality seen in NICU, often result into severe complication if not detected and managed properly. Pregnancy induced hypertension and PROM are the important maternal risk factors for thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Pre maturity, low birth weight, small for date babies and birth asphyxia are the important neonatal risk factors for early onset thrombocytopenia.