Bacterial vaginosis is a condition characterized by an alteration of the vaginal ecology in which the normal flora, dominated by lactobacilli, is replaced by a mixed bacterial flora which includes Gardnerellavaginalis, Mobiluncus species, Mycoplasma hominis, Bacteroides species and other anaerobes. This results in the increase in the pH of the vagina due to the reduction in the lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Pregnant women with term labour and preterm labour admitted in Obstetrics ward/labour ward are the main study subjects and were enrolled in the study after they gave informed consent for the procedure. Case record form is use to record maternal age, socioeconomic status, gestational age at admission, obstetric history, past history, personal and family history and gestational age during delivery, new born weight and its outcome. Among preterm labour 13 (15.3%) and 5 (5.9%) of neonates had RDS and sepsis. Among term labour only 1 (1.2%) of neonates had sepsis. This shows a statistically significant difference between Preterm labour and Term labour with respect to neonatal complications with P value of <0.001.