Original Articles
Phenotypic characterization and detection of virulence factors of Candida species isolated from candidemia patients in a tertiary care hospital of North-east India | |
Dr. Lakshyasri Baishya, Dr. Nilakshi Borah, Dr. Manash Jyoti Taw, Dr. Ajanta Sharma | |
Introduction: Candida species exhibits a variety of virulence factors which contribute to the pathogenesis of candidiasis.The increased incidence in Candidainfections is also associated with the emergence of drug resistant strains.Among Candida spp., expression of virulence factors may vary depending on the infecting species, geographical origin, type of infection, the site and stage of infection, and host reaction. Aim: To study the phenotypic characterization and to detect the virulence factors of Candida species isolated from blood stream infections. Materials and methods: Identification of the 100 consecutive Candidaisolates from blood culture samples were done by conventional methods andVITEK 2 yeast identification system (which were not possible to identify by conventional methods). The antifungal susceptibility was tested by AST-YS08 Vitek 2 Card system.The virulence factors studied were exoenzymatic activity (coagulase, phospholipase, and proteinase), biofilm formation, and haemolysin production. Result: Among the 100 Candida spp., 34 were C. albicans and 66 were NAC spp.No significant differences were seen in bioļ¬lm formation capacity between C. albicans and NAC.Phospholipase, proteinase production and coagulase activities were predominantly observed in C. albicans. Most of the C. albicans isolates (88.23%) demonstrated potent haemolytic activity.All the enzymatic activities showed significant statistical difference between C. albicans and NAC species groups.Correlation was statistically significant between the biofilm formation capacity and phospholipase, proteinase, coagulase, and haemolysinproducing capacity in Candida spp.Antifungal drugs sensitivity are significantly associated with biofilm, coagulase, and hemolysin producing C. albicansand NAC spp., however, phopholipase, and proteinase producing C. albicansand NAC are not associated with drugs sensitivity or resistance pattern. Conclusion: This study highlightsthat number of hydrolytic enzyme secreting C. albicansis distinctly different from NAC spp. The C. albicans exhibits a higher prevalence of coagulase, phospholipase, proteinase, and hemolytic activity, while non-albicansCandida species are more prone to biofilm formation.Understanding these virulence factors is pivotal for comprehending the pathogenic nature of Candida species. The significance of virulence determination in rational antifungal therapy cannot be ignored and should be adopted as a routine procedure in the laboratory. |
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