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Volume 12 Issue 2 ( April- June) 2023

Original Articles

Effect of Clonidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine on duration of analgesia, motor and sensory blockade and the intraoperative hemodynamic profile of patients
Dr.Manas Karmakar, Dr. Ashok Das, Dr.Sankar Pal, Dr.Jatisankar Rudra

Background: Clonidine, a centrally acting selective partial α2 adrenergic agonist (220:1 α2 to α1), is used as an intrathecal adjuvant for quite some time now. Clonidine has been repeatedly demonstrated to prolong sensory and motor block when used intrathecally with local anaesthetics. Clonidine has also been known to affect blood pressure in a complex fashion after intrathecal administration, because of opposing actions at multiple sites. In the view of these facts, this study was planned to compare the effect of clonidine on duration of analgesia, motor and sensory blockade and the intraoperative hemodynamic profile when used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine. This study also aimed to ascertain the safety of these drugs for use in routine hospital practice.Methods: In our study, a total sample size i.e. 60 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups (Group B and C) of 30 patients each using a computer generated random number table.On arrival to the operating theatre, the identity of the patient was confirmed and consent was checked. After spinal injection patients were positioned in supine position and oxygen was provided through a nasal cannula at 2 litres per min. After 2 minutes, every 2 minutes sensory nerve block was assessed bilaterally by using insensitivity to cold (when cotton swab soaked with alcohol was applied) in the midclavicular line. A pretested proforma was used to collect the patients details such demographic clinical parameters, time to achieve sensory and motor block and adverse effects. Results: A total of 60 patients (27 were male and 33 were female) were enrolled into study. In group-B 40% were male and 60% were female. In group-C 50% were male and 50% were female. When compared with student t test age, weight, and BMI were comparable between both groups with all insignificant p values. In group-B patients S1 regression time was 195±14.74 minutes and in group-C patients this time was higher (247.5±23.22 minutes. So, it can be said that clonidine is better alternative in prolonging the time for regression to S1 level. Group-B patients took 172.5±12.92 minutes to regain Bromage score 0, and group-C patients took 217.5±23.55 minutes. So, motor blockade was prolonged in clonidine group.Conclusion: Our conclusion from the study is that clonidine as intrathecal adjuvant significantly prolongs the sensory and motor blockade of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine without altering the onset of spinal anaesthesia.

 
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