Introduction: Choledocholithiasis, affecting 3% to 14.7% of cholecystectomy patients, can lead to complications such as biliary colic, jaundice, and pancreatitis. Treatment options include ERCP, laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE), and open surgery, with LCBDE emerging as a preferred method for high-risk cases. This study aims to compare primary closure and T-tube drainage in open choledocholithotomy, focusing on safety, operative timing, hospital stay, infection rates, and bile collection. Aim and Objectives: This prospective observational study evaluates the outcomes of primary closure versus T-tube drainage after open choledochotomy, examining safety, operative timing, duration of hospital stay, surgical site infections (SSIs), and bile collection. Methodology: Conducted over one year at SMCH, this study will include 60 patients with obstructive jaundice or cholangitis due to common bile duct stones. Patients will undergo detailed pre-operative assessments and then be randomly assigned to either primary closure or T-tube drainage groups. Post-operative care will involve monitoring for SSIs, conducting cholangiograms for the T-tube group, and evaluating outcomes through statistical analysis using SPSS and GraphPad Prism. Results: Early findings suggest lower incidences of bile collection and shorter hospital stays in the primary closure group compared to the T-tube drainage group, which required more interventions for SSIs. Data will be analyzed using chi-squared tests and t-tests to assess statistical significance. Conclusion: This study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy of primary closure versus T-tube drainage after open choledochotomy. Preliminary results indicate that primary closure may offer benefits in reducing hospital stays and complications, potentially influencing future treatment protocols for choledocholithiasis management. Further analysis will validate these findings and their implications for surgical practice.