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Volume 13 Issue 10 (October) 2024

Original Articles

Understanding Nail Glomus Tumor: History, Pathology, and Treatment
Dr. Neha Mehta, Dr. Md. Raihan, Sohini Saha

Glomus tumors are uncommon benign vascular neoplasms frequently located in the hand, particularly in the subungual region. Despite their unclear etiology, various hypotheses attempt to explain their pathogenesis and the associated pain mechanism. These tumors typically manifest as a bluish or pinkish-red discoloration of the nail plate, accompanied by a classic triad of localized tenderness, severe pain, and sensitivity to cold. Differential diagnosis should consider other painful finger lesions such as leiomyoma, eccrine spiradenoma, haemangioma, neuroma, osteochondroma, or mucous cyst. Diagnostic evaluation includes clinical tests like Love's pin test, Hildreth's test, and transillumination, complemented by imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, and radiography. Surgical excision is imperative for complete symptom resolution and to prevent recurrence. Various surgical approaches are documented, chosen based on tumor location and individual surgeon preference.The cases described are instances of glomus tumors, which are rare benign neoplasms originating from the glomus body, a specialized arteriovenous structure involved in thermoregulation.Case studies describe patients with longstanding thumb pain and nail changes, cold-sensitive pain in the left little finger, recurrent pain in the left middle finger, pregnant woman with severe episodic pain in the right index finger during pregnancy and pain under the left second toenail. Patients were diagnosed via MRI and leading to surgical excision of a glomus tumor confirmed on histopathology. This article reviews key aspects of glomus tumors in the hand, encompassing their etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management strategies, and recurrence prevention.

 
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