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Volume 13 Issue 10 (October) 2024

Original Articles

To study the prevalence of tuberculous involvement at various site in patients of diabetes mellitus
Dr. Shyam Shukla, Dr. Kumar Girendra, Dr. Azinkya Joshi, Dr. Sandhya Gupta, Dr. Sachin Sharma, Dr. Arisha Javed, Dr. Kaushilya Kaurav

Aim: Evaluation of Tuberculous involvement at different site in patients of diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: In the present study, a total of 100 patients were selected based on their history of diabetes mellitus and presenting symptoms such as cough with productive sputum for more than four weeks, weight loss, loss of appetite, low-grade fever, and hemoptysis. These patients were either attending the outpatient department or were admitted to different wards of the Medicine Department and T.B. & Chest Unit. Clinical symptoms and signs were thoroughly documented. Detailed histories were taken, including the present illness, past illnesses (like diabetes and tuberculosis), personal and family history, and for female patients, menstrual and obstetric history. Results: The majority of tuberculosis patients in the study had Type 2 diabetes mellitus (80%), while 20% had Type 1 diabetes mellitus. This finding aligns with the global prevalence of Type 2 diabetes being more common than Type 1 diabetes. The diagnostic tests revealed various types of TB lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus. Chest X-rays identified cavitation in 30% of the patients, infiltrates in 40%, consolidation in 20%, and pleural effusion in 10%. These findings are consistent with the typical radiographic features of pulmonary TB. Ultrasound of the abdomen showed abdominal lymphadenopathy in 15% of the patients and ascites in 5%, indicating extrapulmonary involvement. Echocardiography detected pericardial effusion in 10% of the cases, suggesting cardiac involvement. CT scans revealed tuberculomas in the brain in 5% of the patients, spinal tuberculosis in 10%, and abdominal tuberculosis in another 10%, highlighting the diverse anatomical impact of TB in diabetic patients. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the significant interplay between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis, with a high prevalence of pulmonary TB that is 60% followed byExtrapulmonary TB that 25% and Both Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary TBthat is 15% and diverse clinical manifestations and lesions. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive diagnostic approaches, including microbiological, serological, radiological, and cytological examinations, to accurately diagnose and manage TB in diabetic patients.

 
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