Introduction- The oral mucosa is subject to numerous lesions and variants. Understanding the incidence of oral mucosal lesions in a certain region facilitates improved evaluation, diagnosis, and management of these lesions. Hence the present study was done to assess the prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions among dental patients in Patna, Bihar. Material and methods- The present retrospective hospital based study based study was conducted among 450 OPD record files of patients attending the Department of Dentistry, Patna Medical College & Hospital, Patna, Bihar during the period of 02 years. Clinical and demographic data of patients was noted. All collected data was statistically evaluated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0. Results– Maximum patients were in the age group of 41-50 years (24.8%) followed by 51 -60 years (20%), 31-40 years (18%). Most of the subject were male 293 (65.1%) and 157 (34.9%) were females. 86% (387) patients had oral mucosal lesion and 14% (63) had normal variant of oral mucosal lesion. Most of the oral mucosal lesions were in the age group of 41-50 years and among males but there was no significant association found between them. Conclusion- The high prevalence of oral mucosal lesions requires sufficient awareness and care of these conditions within the general population. Dental practitioners must possess expertise in the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of these lesions.