Original Articles
Butorphanol vs. Tramadol: Adjuvant Effects on Levobupivacaine in PNS-Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Blocks for Enhanced Postoperative Analgesia | |
Deepshikha Parashar, Sangeeta Bansal, Saifee Sakina Qutubuddin | |
Background and Aims: Supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks are a reliable, minimally invasive option for upper limb surgeries. Adjuvants like butorphanol and tramadol can improve block quality, lower local anesthetic doses, and reduce postoperative analgesic needs. This research study evaluated the effects of incorporating butorphanol compared to tramadol on sensory and motor block characteristics during PNS-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks. Methods: This prospective observational study, approved by the IEC, involved 70 adult ASA Physical Status I & II patients (18-65 years) undertaking elective upper limb surgery. Written informed consent was obtained from enrolled subjects. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A received 0.5% Levobupivacaine (30 ml) with 100 mg Tramadol (32 ml total), while Group B received 0.5% Levobupivacaine (30 ml) with 2 mg Butorphanol (32 ml total). Post-intervention evaluations included sensory and motor block onset and duration, sedation scores, and adverse effects, which were analyzed statistically. Result: Group B showed a statistically significant increase in sensory block duration (442.68 ± 52.11 minutes vs. 310.12 ± 78.76 minutes) and postoperative analgesia duration (828 ± 87 minutes vs. 762 ± 52.8 minutes; P < 0.05). Onset times for sensory and motor blocks were slightly faster in Group B, but not statistically significant. Group B also demonstrated a longer duration of analgesia (828 ± 87 minutes vs. 762 ± 52.8 minutes; P = 0.046). Rescue analgesia needs were slightly reduced in Group B (1.44 ± 0.54 vs. 2.02 ± 0.41; P = 0.458). Hemodynamic changes and adverse effects were similar between groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Butorphanol addition to levobupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks significantly extends sensory block and analgesia duration, enhancing pain management and reducing additional analgesic requirements, thus improving patient comfort in upper limb surgeries. |
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