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Volume 13 Issue 9 (September) 2024

Original Articles

A Prospective study of monitoring of Adverse Transfusion Reactions occurring in patients administered Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC)/Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) /Platelets (Random Donor Platelets) in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department
Dr. Pranshu Pandit, Dr. Mona Asnani, Dr. Tulika Chandra, Dr. Anuradha Nischal, Dr. Amod Kumar Sachan

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have become one on the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The present study was conducted to record the immediate and delayed adverse transfusion reactions related to the transfusion of Packed Red Blood Cells/Fresh Frozen Plasma/Platelets (Random Donor Platelets)/combination of 2 or all 3 components in patients admitted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of King George’s Medical University, Lucknow. Materials & Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Transfusion Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow. Pre-transfusion and post-transfusion vitals were recorded. Post- transfusion vitals were recorded at 1,4 and 24 hrs. Patients were followed up at 10 days and 1 month for occurrence of any delayed transfusion reaction. Results: Out of the study participants had a mean age of 29.88 years (SD = 7.67), with a median age of 28 years. Ages ranged from 18 to 60 years, indicating a diverse age distribution among the 206participants. The majority of participants (64.1%) fell within the 18-30 years age interval, followed by 24.3% in the 31-40 years range, 10.2% in the 41-50 years range, and a smaller percentage of 1.5% in the 51-60 years range. Among the 206 participants, packed red blood cells (PRBC) were the most commonly transfused product, accounting for 65.05% of the cases. PRBC combined with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or random donor platelets (RDP) were less frequent, constituting 15.5% and 10.7% of the cases respectively. Maximum incidence of transfusion reactions was seen in the group administered PRBC alone (56.5%) followed by the group administered PRBC and FFP (21.7%) while the group administered a combination of all 3 components, PRBC, RDP and FFP had an incidence of 4.3%.Among the participants, 11.2% experienced transfusion reaction, while the majority, 88.8%, did not encounter any adverse reactions to the blood transfusion.The Imputability assessment regarding the transfusion-related adverse reactions revealed that 26.1% of cases were classified as "possible" while the majority, 73.9%, were categorized as "probable".Febrile non-hemolytic reactions, including both 1-degree and 2-degree temperature rises, accounted for 17.4% of cases. Allergic reactions constituted the largest proportion at 34.8%. Anaphylaxis and hypotensive transfusion reactions were less common, each representing 8.7% of cases. Transfusion-related dyspnea and post- transfusion purpura were observed in 13% of instances each. Notably, no occurrences were reported for certain reactions such as immunological hemolysis due to ABO incompatibility or transfusion-related acute lung injury. Conclusion: This study serves as a crucial prompt for the medical community to deepen its understanding of transfusion reactions through focused research. By uncovering and addressing the complex risk factors associated with blood transfusions, healthcare providers can enhance safety protocols, improve patient outcomes, and drive forward medical innovations in transfusion practices.

 
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