Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are major risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Early detection of kidney dysfunction in these patients is crucial for timely intervention. Microalbuminuria and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are established biomarkers for assessing renal impairment, but their comparative effectiveness in early detection among patients with DM and HTN needs further evaluation. Aim: This study aims to assess the utility of microalbuminuria and GFR for detecting early kidney function changes in individuals with DM and HTN compared to healthy controls. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 160 patients with DM and HTN (cases) and 160 healthy individuals (controls). Microalbuminuria was measured using the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and GFR was estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and chi-square tests, were used to compare biomarker levels between groups. Post hoc analyses examined subgroup differences. Results: Patients with DM and HTN showed significantly higher levels of microalbuminuria (175.3 ± 82.4 mg/g) compared to controls (18.2 ± 9.1 mg/g, p<0.001) and significantly lower GFR (68.4 ± 12.6 mL/min/1.73m²) compared to controls (95.2 ± 15.3 mL/min/1.73m², p<0.001). A moderate positive correlation was found between HbA1c levels and microalbuminuria (r = 0.62, p<0.001), and a moderate negative correlation between HbA1c and GFR (r = -0.57, p<0.001). Longer diabetes duration and higher blood pressure levels were associated with greater microalbuminuria and lower GFR. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria and GFR are effective markers for early detection of kidney dysfunction in patients with DM and HTN. Regular monitoring of these biomarkers is essential for early diagnosis and management. Rigorous control of glycemic and blood pressure levels is crucial to prevent kidney damage.