Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a widespread musculoskeletal condition that significantly affects individuals' quality of life and functional capacity. Exercise therapy, particularly core stabilization exercises and Back School programs, is a primary intervention strategy. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of these two exercise-based interventions in managing CNSLBP.Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 40 participants with CNSLBP, aged 35 to 60 years, recruited from the physiotherapy outpatient department of Deccan Hospital, Hyderabad. Participants were randomly assigned to either the core stabilization exercise group (Group B) or the Back School program group (Group A), with 20 participants in each group. Both interventions were administered four times a week for four weeks. Outcome measures, including the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and lumbar spine range of motion (TROM), were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests, with statistical significance set at p≤0.05.Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in all outcome measures post-intervention. In Group A, the mean VAS score decreased from 7.4 to 5.25, the RMDQ score from 16.65 to 9.45, and TROM increased from 1.585 degrees to 2.09 degrees. Group B exhibited more substantial improvements, with the mean VAS score decreasing from 7.2 to 2.4, the RMDQ score from 16.6 to 6.75, and TROM increasing from 1.53 degrees to 2.51 degrees. Group B demonstrated significantly greater improvements compared to Group A (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: Both core stabilization exercises and Back School programs effectively reduce pain and disability while improving lumbar spine range of motion in CNSLBP patients. However, core stabilization exercises offer superior outcomes, suggesting a more effective intervention for CNSLBP management.