Aim: To study the effects of a single dosage of prophylactic antibiotics compared to multiple doses in elective hernia repair. Material and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Surgery at Patna Medical College Hospital, Patna, from August 2023 to March 2024. A total of 200 patients admitted for elective groin surgery were included in the study. Group I (n=100, SD): Received single-dose preoperative prophylaxis of injection amoxicillin and clavulanic acid 2 grams intravenously half an hour before the scheduled procedure.Group II (n=100, MD): Received single-dose preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis followed by multiple doses of the same antibiotic (injection intravenously amoxicillin and clavulanic acid 1.2 grams) twice a day for three days post-procedure, followed by tablet amoxicillin and clavulanic acid 1.2 mg three times a day for the next two days. Results: Seroma formation was noted in 8 patients in the SD group and 4 in the MD group (p=0.22). Wound infections were reported in 7 patients in the SD group compared to 3 in the MD group (p=0.33). Hematoma occurred in 2 patients in the SD group and 1 in the MD group (p=0.56). Overall, the total number of complications was higher in the SD group (17) compared to the MD group (8), with a significant p-value of 0.04, indicating that multiple-dose antibiotics might be more effective in reducing postoperative complications.The length of hospital stay was slightly shorter for the SD group (2.5 ± 0.7 days) compared to the MD group (2.8 ± 0.9 days), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.14). Follow-up visit attendance was high in both groups, with 98% attendance in the SD group and 97% in the MD group, showing no significant difference (p=0.75).Patient satisfaction levels were assessed, with 80 patients in the SD group and 85 in the MD group reporting being highly satisfied (p=0.42). Fifteen patients in the SD group and 12 in the MD group were satisfied (p=0.64). Five patients in the SD group and 3 in the MD group reported being dissatisfied (p=0.47). Conclusion: Prophylactic use of antibiotics in clean elective cases is still a subject of many controversies. Our study on antibiotic prophylaxis for hernia repair consisted of two groups with one group received a single-dose antibiotic and the other group a multi-dose antibiotic and the outcome on surgery related infections and cost compared.We found that the rate of infections is quite similar in SD and MD antibiotics thereby making single-dose antibiotics prophylaxis as effective as multiple doses of antibiotics prophylaxis.