Aim: To study the association between cholelithiasis and both body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio. Material and methods: The study included a total of 225 individuals presenting with abdominal discomfort, divided into two groups: 125 patients diagnosed with cholelithiasis (test group) and 100 patients with abdominal discomfort due to other causes (control group).The BMI was calculated using Quetelet's index, which involves dividing the patient's weight (in kilograms) by the square of their height (in meters).Waist and hip circumferences were measured following the World Health Organization (WHO) methodology. The waist circumference was measured at the midpoint between the lower edge of the last palpable rib and the top of the iliac crest, using a standard measuring tape. The hip circumference was measured at the widest part of the buttocks, with the tape kept parallel to the floor. Results: Only 4% of patients with cholelithiasis were underweight, compared to 10% in the control group, indicating a statistically significant difference (p=0.045). In the normal weight category, 24% of the cholelithiasis group fell within this range, compared to 35% of the control group, with a significant p-value of 0.025. Interestingly, both groups had the same percentage (40%) of overweight individuals, indicating no significant difference here (p=0.982). However, obesity was significantly more prevalent in the cholelithiasis group (32%) compared to the control group (15%), with a highly significant p-value (p=0.008). The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) distribution further supports the link between obesity and cholelithiasis. In the cholelithiasis group, 60% had a WHR above the threshold for abdominal obesity (≥0.9 for men and ≥0.85 for women), compared to 40% in the control group, with a significant p-value of 0.006. Conversely, a lower percentage of patients in the cholelithiasis group (40%) had WHR below the threshold, compared to 60% in the control group, with a matching significant p-value of 0.006. The correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between BMI, WHR, and the presence of cholelithiasis, with p-values < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, these results underscore the significant relationship between obesity, both general (BMI) and central (WHR), and the development of cholelithiasis.