Background: Vitamin D is a crucial fat-soluble vitamin that is necessary for maintaining bone health and calcium balance. It has a significant impact on the field of orthopaedics and traumatology. Materials and methods Literature search strategy: here we present information on the basic science of vitamin D metabolism, epidemiology of vitamin D levels, role of vitamin D within the musculoskeletal system, and the correlation of vitamin D with injuries and orthopaedic surgical outcomes, and the principal references were taken from Internet databases as PubMed, Embase, and Scopus published from January 2019 till June 2022. Results:The existing literature suggests vitamin D plays multiple roles in the musculoskeletal system. Recent research has shed light on the importance of vitamin D in the setting of soft tissue healing and recovery in addition to affecting postoperative outcomes after common orthopaedic procedures.Given the widespread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of the current evidence regarding clinical implications in patients with musculoskeletal complaints. Conclusion: Vitamin D is crucial in musculoskeletal health. For this reason, it is not surprising that there is a plethora of studies that link low vitamin D levels to many orthopaedic diseases and an increased fracture risk. There is little doubt that vitamin D is of importance in orthopaedic and trauma surgery. Thus, clinicians should be aware of the high prevalance of vitamin D deficiency in orthopaedic patients. Generally, a closer monitoring of vitamin D status may be beneficial and vitamin D supplements should be considered for patients with insufficient vitamin D status.