Background: Retention of overdentures is crucial for patient comfort and function. Various retentive anchor systems are available, each with distinct advantages and limitations. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of different retentive anchor systems for overdentures in a sample population from Dental patients in Bhagalpur District, Bihar, over a period of 6 to 9 months. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients requiring overdentures were selected for the study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups, each receiving a different type of retentive anchor system: ball attachments, bar attachments, and locator attachments. The retention force, patient satisfaction, and oral health-related quality of life were evaluated at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires and mechanical retention tests. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and post-hoc tests to determine significant differences between the groups. Results: The initial retention force for the ball attachments was 15 N, increasing to 18 N at 3 months and stabilizing at 17 N by 6 months. Bar attachments showed an initial retention force of 20 N, which slightly decreased to 19 N at 6 months. Locator attachments exhibited the highest initial retention force of 22 N, which remained relatively stable throughout the study period. Patient satisfaction scores improved significantly in all groups, with the locator attachment group showing the highest increase (baseline: 60, 6 months: 85). Oral health-related quality of life scores also improved across all groups, with the bar attachment group demonstrating the most consistent enhancement. Conclusion: All three retentive anchor systems for overdentures improved retention and patient satisfaction over the 6 to 9 months period. However, locator attachments provided the highest initial retention force and maintained it effectively, resulting in the highest patient satisfaction scores. This study suggests that while all systems are effective, locator attachments may offer superior performance in terms of retention and patient satisfaction.