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Volume 13 Issue 6 (June) 2024

Original Articles

Evaluation of the risk factors leading to lower extremity amputations in patients with diabetic foot
Dr. Akash Tilwani, Proff. Dr. Vineet Choudhary, Dr. Himanshu Lambora, Dr. Alisha Sheikh, Dr. Gaurav Raj Singh

Background: A considerable number of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients require amputation every year, which worsens their quality of life, aggravates the social burden, and shortens their life expectancy. Considering these negative effects present study aims to evaluate the risk factors leading to lower extremity amputations in patients with diabetic foot. Methodology: All patients attending the General surgery OPD/IPD/Emergency Age >18 years with diabetic foot was included in this study.A pre-tested study proforma was used to collect data on demographics, duration of DM and treatment, self-care behaviours, neuropathic symptoms, the presence of intermittent claudication or pain at rest, past history of foot or leg ulcer and amputation. Physical examination with emphasis on the lower limbs were performed to assess for foot deformity (high arch or dropped foot), hammer/claw toe, equinus deformity, cavus deformity, charcot deformity, hallux limitus, pedal oedema, callus, scars of previously healed ulcers, and amputation defects.A provisional diagnosis was established and further investigations were carried out on each patient. In some cases special investigations like CT ANGIO was also done.Management of diabetes and its related non-surgical complications were done under the guidance and supervision of Endocrinologist.After coming to a final diagnosis and evaluating all the risk factors Lower Limb Amputation was planned in indicated cases.All the data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of overall patients were 56.71±12.240. The majority of the 73.3% male patients are more commonly affected in diabetic foot infections followed by female patients (26.7%).The mean duration of DM of overall patients were 5.993±2.0217. The mean RBS of overall patients were 183.707±24.1315. The mean HbA1c (%) of overall patients were 6.723±0.7905. The majority of the 69.3% patients were both ulcer with gangrene complaints, followed by 28% patients were only gangrene complaint. Majority of the 51.3% patients for the control of diabetes through OHA therapy, followed by 40% patients through insulin therapy and remaining 8.7% patients for control diabetes through both (OHA+insulin) therapies.61.3% of patients were smoked.Peripheral neuropathy was present in 66% patients. Previous amputation or debridement was present in 76% patients. The hypertension morbidity was found in maximum 56% patients, followed by 10% patients had hypertension with RF, 8% patients hypertension with coronary artery disease and 1.3% patients had hypertension with RF and CAD. There were also 24.7% patients in whom no comorbidities were found. eripheral vascular disease was present in 69.3% patents. Dyslipidemia was found in 55.3% patents. Foot deformity was found in 62.7% patents.Bare foot walking was found in 56.7% patents. Conclusion: Glycatedhaemoglobin, Random Blood Sugar, Presence of gangrene, Smoking, Duration of diabetes, Peripheral neuropathy and Dyslipidemiaare considered as predictive factors for major lower extremity amputation in diabetic foot patients.

 
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