Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health concern associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly due to its cardiovascular complications. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM and its related cardiovascular risks, but the relationship remains complex and not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels, glycemic control, lipid profile, and atherogenic variables in individuals with T2DM. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among T2DM patients aged 40 to 60 years without established coronary artery disease. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and atherogenic variables were assessed. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between vitamin D and various parameters. Results: The study found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (83.3%) among the participants. Poor glycemic control was associated with significantly elevated lipid markers and atherogenic variables. Lower vitamin D levels were correlated with higher HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol levels. However, no significant association was observed between vitamin D and HDL cholesterol. The study also demonstrated a negative relationship between vitamin D and atherogenic indices, indicating an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity in individuals with vitamin D deficiency and poorly controlled T2DM. Conclusion: The findings suggest a strong inverse association between vitamin D deficiency, glycemic control, and dyslipidemia in T2DM patients. These results underscore the importance of assessing vitamin D status in individuals with poorly controlled T2DM to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular complications. Future research should explore the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation therapy in this population.