Introduction. Hemophagocytosis (HPC) is commonly present in cases of infection, malignancy and hemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosis (HLH). But it may also be present in cases of anemia and other benign conditions. High clinical suspicion and early testing is warranted owing to high fatality. Methods.Retrospective study of cases of HPC reported in the department of Pathology, IMS BHU by studying the previous reports and clinical data available. Results.The most common condition showing HPC was dimorphic anemia (13.3%) followed by infective etiology (6.7%). HLH was diagnosed in 8.9% of the cases with a mean age of 50 years and a male preponderance. Conclusion.Hemophagocytosis is often overlooked in bone marrow examination and not documented. Even a single instance must be reported as it may be the only sign of infection.