Depression among adolescents remains a significant global mental health challenge, often under-recognized and undertreated. This paper focuses on understanding the prevalence and associated socio-demographic factors contributing to depression among school-going adolescents in Gwalior City, Madhya Pradesh, India. The transitional nature of adolescence, marked by emotional vulnerability, exposes this demographic to various risk factors such as traumatic experiences, negative life events, educational setbacks, relationship issues, and familial history of mental illness. Drawing from alarming statistics indicating that a substantial percentage of affected adolescents remain untreated, this research sheds light on the urgent need to address this critical public health issue. By examining the prevalence rates and exploring socio-demographic influences, the study aims to provide valuable insights for the development of targeted interventions and policies to address adolescent depression effectively. The findings are expected to contribute significantly to the existing literature and aid in the formulation of comprehensive strategies to support the mental well-being of school-going adolescents in Gwalior City, Madhya Pradesh, and beyond.