Background& Objectives:Mandibular foramen lies on medial surface of mandibular ramus at the level of occlusal surface of the teeth and marks the opening of mandibular canal which runs obliquely downwards in the body of mandible and opens at the mental foramen. Idea about precise location of the MF is essential for performing mandibular surgeries like vertical ramus osteotomy, inverted L osteotomy and also aesthetic surgeries for dentofacial deformities. The inferior alveolar nerve is at a greater risk during these surgical procedures. Through the present study, we intended to study the number, shape, morphological variations and dimensions of the mandibular foramen in relation to different clinically important anatomical landmarks of Indian skull.Methods:This institution based descriptive was conducted at department of Anatomy, NMCH, Patna, Bihar, India over 3years from Jan 2019 to Dec 2021 involving skulls of known sex and approximate age at our Institute. The distance of mandibular foramen from anterior border of the ramus, posterior border of the ramus, mandibular notch, base of the mandible, third molar, and apex of retromolar trigone was measured with a vernier calliper and recorded.Result:28 dry human skulls or 56 sides (right + left) were studied in detail. The mean distance of mandibular foramen from the anterior border of ramus of mandible was 17.21±2.92 mm on the right side and 17.35±3.02mm on the left side, from posterior border was 10.64±2.34 mm on the right side and 9.88 ±2.33 mm on the left side, from mandibular notch was 21.07±2.83 mm on the right side and 21.42 ±3.03 mm on the left side, from the base of the ramus was 21.43±3.52 mm on right side and 22.31±3.65 mm on the left side. Single accessory mandibular foramen was found unilaterally in 3 mandibles (10.71%) and bilaterally in 2 mandibles (7.14%). Double accessory mandibular foramen was found unilaterally in 1 mandible (3.6%) and bilaterally in 0 mandibles (0.0%).Conclusion:Proper idea about morphometry of the mandibular foramen and the occurrence of accessory mandibular foramen provides valuable information to Surgeons and Anaesthetists for planning and conducting dental and maxillofacial surgeries.