Background: Rhizobium radiobacter is a gram-negative bacillus, gaining attention as a human pathogen. In the past, these infections were primarily observed in immunocompromised individuals. However, recently, cases have been reported in healthy individuals, including newborns. The main objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review of R. radiobacter infections in neonates, including their clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and outcomes. Methods:A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, DOAJ, and Google Scholar identified relevant studies reporting R. radiobacter infections in neonates. Inclusion criteria comprised full-text publications reporting neonatal infections, human subjects, and English language. Data extraction included patient demographics, diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes. Statistical analysis employed SPSS version 24. Results:Among 55 initially identified publications, eight met inclusion criteria after screening. Predominantly, infections presented as bacteremia and neonatal sepsis. The presentation was that of late-onset sepsis in the majority of cases. Most cases were sensitive to Carbapenems (75%), Aminoglycosides (62.5%) and Fluoroquinolones (50%) with variable sensitivity to Cephalosporins. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance was predominant (37.5%). Most neonates recovered after responding to antibiotics, but two deaths occurred, one unrelated to R. radiobacter. Conclusion: Rhizobium radiobacter once considered a contaminant, is gaining recognition, affecting both immunocompromised and healthy neonates. While predominantly associated with bacteremia, this review revealed varied susceptibility profiles with potential resistance to colistin. Recognition of its clinical impact on neonates is vital for timely and effective treatment. This study highlights the importance of early identifying and managingR. radiobacter infections in neonates.