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Volume 13 Issue 1 (January) 2024

Original Articles

A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors of Pre- Eclampsia in Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal
Dr. Visheshta Chauhan

Background and Aim: Pre-eclampsia manifests typically as hypertension especially when target organ damage occurs in the absence of proteinuria. It occurs in around 5% fraction of pregnant women worldwide and associated with several underlying risk factors. Risk factors have been categorized in to various aspects depending on their origin. The ultimate goal of this study was to study the risk factors of pre-eclampsia among cases & control. Materials and Methods: The study was performed in the post-natal ward of department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the institute in 18 months. It was a Case-Control analysis type of study in which cases & controls were taken as 1:1. Study population was 75 diagnosed cases of pre-eclampsia and normal pregnant women admitted during the period of data collection. Informed written consent was taken from every patient before conducting the study. Data collection was done for 9 months by interview using predesigned & pretested semi-structural questionnaire, clinical examination as well as reviewing the medical records & laboratory reports. Proportion of different risk factors among the cases & control was calculated then the odds ratio for each of the risk factor was ascertained. Statistical Analysis and Results: The collected data was compiled and entered in to master spread sheet of MS Excel. Gantt Chart was used for inputs of various responses. Statistical analysis was performed with help of statistical software SPSS version 22.0. Test of proportion is used to find the Standard Normal Deviate (Z) to compare the difference proportions and Chi-square (χ2) test was performed to find the associations. P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. There was statistical significance in the two groups related to hemoglobin (p=0.006 < 0.05). Therefore high hemoglobin level is a risk factor for pre- eclampsia. Results also confirmed that 82.7% of pre-eclampsia cases has hemoglobin >10gm% while 62.7% of control has hemoglobin>10gm%. Conclusion: Author concluded that the risk for the occurrence of pre-eclampsia were primarily gestational age, complaints, proteinuria, hemoglobin, past history of PIH, chronic hypertension and body mass index. Complaints like epigastric pain, eye symptoms edema, headache was present in significant number of cases. Other important studied factors like past history of pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension are also associated with the increases risk of occurrence of pre-eclampsia.

 
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