Background: Neurological rehabilitation plays a pivotal role in improving the quality of life (QoL) for patients with various neurological conditions. However, the relationship between QoL and the presence of psychological problems during rehabilitation remains an important area of study.Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study involving 150 patients undergoing neurological rehabilitation in a specialized rehabilitation center. We assessed QoL using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and screened for psychological problems using standardized psychological assessment tools. Demographic and clinical data were also collected. Statistical analysis, including correlation analysis and multiple regression, was performed to evaluate the associations between QoL, psychological problems, and other variables.Results: The study revealed that patients undergoing neurological rehabilitation often experience reduced QoL and a high prevalence of psychological problems, including anxiety and depression. The SF-36 scores indicated a significant negative correlation between QoL and psychological distress (r = -0.45, p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that psychological problems, along with the severity of neurological impairment and age, were strong predictors of reduced QoL (β = -0.35, p < 0.001). Moreover, patients with psychological interventions during rehabilitation demonstrated improved QoL compared to those without such support.Conclusion: Patients undergoing neurological rehabilitation frequently face challenges related to reduced QoL and psychological problems, emphasizing the need for comprehensive care that addresses both physical and psychological aspects. Early identification and intervention for psychological distress can significantly improve QoL outcomes during rehabilitation. These findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach to neurological rehabilitation that considers not only physical recovery but also the emotional well-being of patients.