ABSTRACT Surgical complications remain a critical concern in healthcare, with far-reaching implications for patient outcomes, recovery, and healthcare costs. Complication during or after surgeries are worst which can happen to patient and the surgeon. Though surgeon try their best to avoid complication, but complication happen due to several factors beyond the control of surgeons. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the pivotal role played by checklists and protocols in mitigating surgical complications. Drawing on theoretical frameworks, case studies, quantitative analyses, and qualitative insights, we explore the multifaceted impact of standardized procedures on patient safety and the overall quality of surgical care. Standard operating procedures and protocol has played a pivotal role in reducing complications.