Background:Low back pain (LBP) poses a substantial health concern across developing nations and stands as the most commonly addressed health issue within the healthcare sector. Therefore, this current study aims to evaluate both the prevalence and underlying causes of low back pain within a well-defined population.Methods:Two hundred and fifty patients presenting at the Department of Orthopedics were included in the study. Comprehensive demographic information for all participants was collected. A meticulous evaluation of the clinical and medical history of each patient was conducted, documenting their chief complaints. Additionally, radiographic examinations were performed for all participants. The diagnosis of low back pain was established, and the prevalence of chronic low back pain (CLB) was recorded. A standardized Performa was created to systematically assess various etiological factors contributing to CLB.Results:The study revealed an overall prevalence of low back pain (LBP) at 42.6 percent among the participants. Specifically, lumbar herniated disc was identified in 11.59 percent of the patients, while degenerative disc disease was present in 13.88 percent. Spinal stenosis and osteoarthritis were observed in 16.02 percent and 13.21 percent of the patients, respectively. Tumor-related conditions and compression fractures were identified in 10.58 percent and 8.29 percent of the patients, highlighting the diverse range of factors contributing to low back pain in the studied population.Conclusion:Low back pain (LBP) constitutes a noteworthy health concern affecting a substantial proportion of the global population. The primary contributors to its occurrence are identified as degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, and osteoarthritis. These factors play a pivotal role in the prevalence of LBP worldwide.