Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy marked by the presence of sickle-shaped erythrocytes. While complications related to vaso-occlusion in various organs are well-established, renal manifestations remain poorly understood. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of renal complications in adult SCD patients and assess their correlation with disease duration .Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from 400 adult SCD patients were extracted from a tertiary care center. Clinical and laboratory parameters, including glomerular filtration rate (GFR), proteinuria, and hematuria, were evaluated. Disease duration was correlated with the presence and severity of renal complications using statistical methods. Results: The prevalence of renal complications was found to be 57%. The most common abnormalities observed were reduced GFR (38%) and proteinuria (28%). Hematuria was observed in 15% of the patients. A significant correlation was found between disease duration and the severity of renal complications (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Patients with disease duration of more than 20 years had a 2.5-fold increased risk of advanced renal complications. Conclusions: Renal complications are prevalent in adult SCD patients and their severity correlates strongly with disease duration. Regular renal monitoring and early interventions can be pivotal in preventing progressive renal damage in this vulnerable population. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to explore causal relationships and underlying mechanisms.