Original Articles
Variation In The Tibial Nerve Branching In Foot On Cadaver | |
Dr. Ravi Jain, Dr. Narayan Parmar, Dr. Vijay Chouhan, Dr. Santosh Kumar Bhise, Dr. Manish Patil | |
Background and Objectives: The tibial nerve, a significant part of the sciatic nerve, originates from the ventral branches (Anterior Division) - L4, L5, S1-S3. It travels through the leg alongside the posterior tibial vessels within the tarsal tunnel, and then branches into the medial calcaneal nerve and the medial and lateral plantar nerves. Responsible for sensory information, the tibial nerve adapts to foot movements and stretching. Compression in the tarsal tunnel can cause tarsal tunnel syndrome. Proper knowledge of its anatomical variations is essential for surgical safety, nerve blocks, and graft procedures. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Anatomy in a government and a private medical college in central India, lower limbs from 30 embalmed cadavers were included. The mideo-malleolar-calcaneal axis was defined as a reference line of 1 cm width, by connecting two landmarks: the medial malleolus and medial tubercle of the calcaneus. The bifurcation of the tibial nerve was studied with respect to this axis. Results: The findings demonstrated that the tibial nerve consistently crossed the posterior tibial vessels in all cases. The bifurcation of the tibial nerve was located proximal to the mideo-malleolar-calcaneal axis in 55% of cases, with an average distance of 1.86 cm above the axis, thus belonging to the Type I category. The Type II category, observed in 30% of cases, showed bifurcation occurring at the level of the axis. Additionally, the Type III category, accounting for 15% of cases, displayed bifurcation at an average distance of 1.16 cm below the axis. Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of the anatomical variations in tibial nerve branching is essential to prevent surgical complications, enable effective nerve blocks, and facilitate the procurement of tibial nerve grafts. This knowledge enhances clinical practices involving the tibial nerve in various medical interventions. |
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