Introduction: Gallstone disease, also known as cholelithiasis is the most common biliary pathology worldwide. An increase in the prevalence of hypothyroidism, possibly associated with gallstones, might affect the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in patients with gallstones. Aim: To investigate the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and gallstone disease. Methods: This observational study was conducted which included patients with gallstones.Patients were examined for serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels to screen for thyroid dysfunction, and those with elevated levels were diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism. Results: Total 250 patients were enrolled, of which 11 patients with clinical hypothyroidism were excluded from the study. Of the remaining 239 patients, 93 (38.91%) patients had subclinical hypothyroidism.The Majority of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (58.1%) belonged to the age group of 33-46 years. Most of the patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were female (74.2%). Patients with subclinical thyroid status were more likely to have positive family history, multiple calculi and larger stone size than patients with normal thyroid status. A positive family history of hypothyroidism (OR=4.530, P=0.009), having multiple calculi (OR=3.420, P<0.001) and having a stone size larger than 10 m(OR=4.020, P=0.002)were all found to be independent risk factors for subclinical hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism may be a significant risk factor for the development of gallstone disease highlighting the importance of routine thyroid function screening in patients with cholelithiasis.