Background& Objectives: Foramen spinosum (FS) is located in base of skull in greater wing of sphenoid bone as part of middle cranial fossa and transmits the middle meningeal artery and meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve. FS serves as an easily recognizable landmark of great importance to neurosurgeons and radiologists. Complexity of FS anatomy and its neurovascular content can hinder many surgical procedures involving the middle cranial fossa. Thus, a more detailed understanding of the anatomy of the FS is of great interest in medical field, especially in neurosurgery, head & neck surgery and otolaryngology. Methods: The present study was conducted at Anatomy department of our medical college over three years from January 2019 to December 2022 on skulls of known sex and age with no apparent gross pathology, deformity, or traumatic lesions. Number, shape, morphological variations and dimensions of foramen spinosum in relation to different clinically important anatomical landmarks of Indian skull were studied on both sides of the skull. Result: Over the 3-year study period, 26 dry human skulls or 52 sides (right + left) were studied in detail. Estimated age of these skulls ranged between 40-60 years. Of these, 15 (57.7%) were of male sex and the rest 11 (42.3%) were of female sex. The FS was smaller than the foramen ovale and round shape was the most common (44.2%) followed by oval (32.7%). Mean antero-posterior diameter was 3.49 mm and 3.68 mm on right and left sides respectively. Mean FS transverse diameter was 3.04 mm on right and 3.12 mm on left side respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in AP and TD of FS between right and left sides. Mean distance between FO and FS was 3.04 ± 1.41 mm on right side and 3.19 ± 1.38 mm on left side respectively. There was some variation in FS diameter, length and FS–FO distance on right and left sides and the differences were more evident in females. However, this variation was not statistically significant. Conclusion: FS exhibits important anatomical variations in terms of its shape, diameter, and topography in relation to adjacent bone structures. Proper knowledge is important for better identification and preservation of neurovascular structures during surgical procedures involving the middle cranial fossa of the skul.