Background and Objectives: The reproductive lifespan of a woman commences with the onset of menarche and concludes with the onset of menopause. Throughout the course of pregnancy and in the postpartum phase, numerous physiological and hematological alterations take place. The aim of this study was to examine the fluctuations in red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) counts prior to and following a normal vaginal delivery. Materials & methods: In this hospital-based prospective study, a total of 432 pregnant women who were admitted to the labor room for delivery was included. Blood samples were collected from these women upon their admission to the labor ward, as well as within a timeframe of 12 to 24 hours after the normal vaginal delivery. The estimation of cell counts was conducted using a automated hematology analyzer. Results: The study revealed that the mean value of RBC count decreased on the first day of the postpartum period. Regarding the WBC count, interestingly, on the first day of the puerperal period, this count increased significantly. Conclusion: Cell counts exhibit variations not only during the pregnancy period but also during the puerperal phase. Any significant deviations from the expected values in these cell counts may raise suspicions of underlying pathological conditions. Therefore, careful monitoring and analysis of cell counts during these periods are important for identifying potential health concerns.