Background: In order to address a variety of cardiovascular disorders, cardiac operations—also referred to as cardiac surgeries or procedures—involve making changes to the heart or major arteries. This study was conducted to assess risk factors in cardiac surgical adult patients. Materials &Methods: 94 adult patients selected for cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass of both genders were selected. Clinical profile, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, preoperative status, type of surgery, risk factors, and other parameters were documented. Results: There were 62 males and 48 females. Age groups 20-30 years had 5, 30-40 years had 25, 40-50 years had 52 and 50-60 years had 28 patients. BMI showed healthy14, overweight36, obese 40 and severe obese 20 subjects. Preoperative conditions were neurological disorders in 9, AIDS in 2, immunosuppression in 5 and neoplasm in 1. Conditions found were diabetes in 23, hypertension in 14, extracardiac arteriopathy in 6, intermittent claudication in 8, chronic renal insufficiency in 5 and chronic pulmonary disease in 2 patients. Operations performed were elective surgery in 60, aortic valve surgery in 28, mitral repair or replacement in 12 and heart transplant in 10 patients. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Out of 110 patients, 7 (6.3%) died. Common risk factors were advancing age, female gender, extracardiac arteriopathy, chronic pulmonary disease, neurological dysfunction, serum creatinine >200, LVEF 30-50%, LVEF <30% and systolic pulmonary pressure > 60. Conclusion: Systolic pulmonary pressure > 60, advancing age, female gender, extracardiac arteriopathy, chronic pulmonary disease, neurological dysfunction, serum creatinine >200, LVEF 30-50%, and LVEF <30% are some of the risk factors that lead to cardiac surgical death. This information can be used to develop a risk stratification approach for assessing the quality of care and estimating hospital mortality.