Background: Depression, a significant public health issue, affects millions worldwide. Postpartum depression (PPD), a form of depression linked to childbirth, has severe implications for both the mother and the newborn. The prevalence of PPD varies widely due to cultural, socioeconomic, and personal factors, underscoring the need for region-specific studies. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023. A total of 185 postpartum women participated. Inclusion criteria involved women aged 18 or older within 24–72 hours postpartum. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to screen for PPD, with follow-up assessments at Day 3 and Day 14. Data on demographic and clinical variables were collected and analyzed. Results: The initial EPDS scores on Day 3 showed 176 women scored below 13 (no PPD), while 9 scored above 13 (indicating PPD). By Day 14, 180 participants had scores below 13, and 5 had scores above 13. Demographic analysis revealed that education level, income, and family support were significantly associated with PPD (p<0.05). Clinical variables such as high-risk pregnancy, intranatal events, and labor experiences also correlated with PPD risk (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study found a 4.8% incidence of early PPD, with education, family support, and specific clinical factors significantly associated with its prevalence. This research emphasizes the importance of routine PPD screening and the integration of psychiatric support in postpartum care to improve maternal well-being.