Background: Osteoporosis affects over 20 million Americans and leads to approximately 1.5 million fractures each year, making it one of the leading public health problems in the United States.Hence; the present study was conducted for assessing changes in Bone mineral density (BMD) changes during the menopause transition. Material and methods: This study was conducted to assess the bone mineral density changes in pre-menopausal women and post-menopausal women. Hence, a cohort of 100 women was enrolled in this study. the subjects had been divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 50 pre-menopausal women and Group 2 comprised of 50 post-menopausal women. BMD was evaluated. The findings were tabulated. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software. Results: There were 50 women in Group 1 and 50 women in Group 2. In the postmenopausal phase, the annual rates of bone loss from the spine and hip were recorded at 0.019 g/cm² per year and 0.011 g/cm² per year, respectively, with both values showing statistical significance (P<0.001). Furthermore, during the late peri- and postmenopausal periods, women in the highest tertile of body weight experienced a bone loss rate that was approximately 30-50% slower compared to those in the lowest tertile. Conclusion: Bone density reduction significantly intensifies during the late perimenopausal phase and persists at a comparable rate in the initial years following menopause.