Aim: The study aims to assess the prevalence of neonatal hypoglycemia in full-term and preterm infants and examine the correlation between hypoglycemia and factors such as birth weight, mode of delivery, and Apgar score. Material and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional observational study included 80 neonates (40 full-term and 40 preterm) admitted to the NICU. Blood glucose levels were monitored within 24 hours of birth using a glucometer, with hypoglycemia defined as glucose levels below 40 mg/dL. Neonates were classified as full-term or preterm based on gestational age. Results: The prevalence of hypoglycemia was significantly higher in preterm infants (37.5%) compared to full-term infants (12.5%) (p<0.01). Low birth weight (<2.5 kg) was associated with a higher incidence of hypoglycemia (60%) (p<0.01). Cesarean section deliveries were significantly associated with hypoglycemia (p<0.01). Infants with Apgar scores ≤7 had a 70% prevalence of hypoglycemia (p<0.01). Preterm infants had a higher overall risk of hypoglycemia (75%) compared to full-term infants (25%) (p<0.01). Conclusion: Neonatal hypoglycemia is more prevalent in preterm infants and is strongly correlated with low birth weight, cesarean delivery, and low Apgar scores. Routine screening and early intervention are essential to prevent long-term complications in at-risk neonates.