Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and nature of haematological complications among patients undergoing various orthopedic surgeries, focusing on identifying key complications and their impact on patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based prospective observational study enrolled 120 patients who underwent different orthopedic surgical procedures. Participants were selected based on inclusion criteria that required them to be aged 18 years or older and free from pre-existing haematological disorders. Blood samples were collected at three stages: pre-operative, immediately post-operative, and at the first follow-up (7 days post-surgery). Hematological parameters such as complete blood count (CBC), hemoglobin levels, platelet count, white blood cell (WBC) count, and coagulation profiles were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and logistic regression models with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The study found that anemia (25.00%), thrombocytopenia (20.83%), and leukocytosis or leukopenia (12.50%) were the most common haematological complications observed among patients’ post-surgery. There was a statistically significant decline in hemoglobin levels (from 13.50 ± 1.20 g/dL to 11.00 ± 1.30 g/dL, p = 0.02) and platelet count (from 250,000 ± 40,000/μL to 220,000 ± 35,000/μL, p = 0.03). An increase in WBC count and prolonged coagulation times was also noted, indicating inflammatory or immune responses and a higher risk of bleeding complications. Conclusion: This study highlights a significant prevalence of haematological complications among patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries, emphasizing the need for careful perioperative monitoring and targeted management strategies. Early detection and proactive intervention can optimize recovery and reduce the risk of postoperative morbidity in these patients. Integrating comprehensive haematological assessments into standard care protocols is crucial to improving patient outcomes.