Original Articles
Assessment of growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of very low birth weight infants | |
Dr. (Lt Col) Vinod Kumar Dagar, Dr. (Maj) Amritha Lal | |
Background: The survival rates of very preterm and low birth weight (BW) infants have significantly improved as a consequence of recent advancements in perinatal and neonatal intensive care. The present study was conducted to assess growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of very low birth weight infants. Materials & Methods: 82 women who had a gestational age of ≥37 weeks were selected. Birth weight was categorized as LBW< 2500 g (group I), normal birth weight 2500–3999 g (group II), and large birth weight ≥4000 g (group III). Perinatal factors such as type of delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes (GDM), hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosed before pregnancy were recorded. Results: In group I, II and III, mean age (years) was 32.1, 31.4 and 31.6. The mean birth weight (kg) was 2.7, 3.5 and 4.3, pregestational diabetes (%) was seen in 1.6%, 1.1% and 2.5%, gestational diabetes was seen in 7.6%, 6.2% and 10.7%, pregnancy HTN was seen in 5.4%, 1.2% and 1.0% and cesarean section was seen in 46.5%, 36.2% and 50.6% respectively. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). In group I, group II and group III, any developmental delay was seen in 4.7%, 3.2% and 3.9%. Autism spectrum disorder was seen in 1.6%, 0.42% and 0.71%. Motor developmental delay was seen in 2.7%, 1.2% and 1.5%. Cognitive developmental delay was seen in 2.5%, 1.9% and 2.4%. ADHD was seen in 1.05%, 0.81% and 0.93%. Epileptic and febrile seizures was seen in 12.6%, 10.2% and 9.7% respectively. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Compared to children with normal and big birth weights, children born with term low birth weight (LBW) were more susceptible to neurodevelopmental problems at the age of 5-7. This study provides more evidence in favor of parents receiving counseling regarding the long-term consequences of underweight births. |
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