Background:Neuroinflammation is an essential element in the development of stroke and has a substantial impact on the subsequent damage to the brain. Directing attention on neuroinflammation has promise for the development of novel treatment approaches. Recent breakthroughs in comprehending the processes that cause neuroinflammation have opened up opportunities for new therapies. This review discusses many potential treatment strategies targeting neuroinflammation in stroke. Stem cells, namely mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs), have shown potential in decreasing neuroinflammation and facilitating recovery after a stroke. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has the ability to transform into diverse types of nerve cells and have the capacity to replace impaired neurons and glial cells, hence reducing neuroinflammation. Nanoparticles may be designed to transport anti-inflammatory medications precisely to the location of damage, so improving the effectiveness of the pharmaceuticals and minimizing any adverse effects on the whole body. Liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and dendrimers are being investigated as potential nanoparticles for this specific objective. Gold nanoparticles possess anti-inflammatory characteristics and have the ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier. RNA interference (RNAi) technology may be used to suppress the activity of pro-inflammatory genes that play a role in the process of neuroinflammation. Preclinical models of stroke have shown the promise of siRNA and miRNA treatments. Monoclonal antibodies that specifically target inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α have shown effectiveness in decreasing neuroinflammation. These antibodies have the ability to counteract the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting their binding to receptors on target cells. Administering anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β, may alter the immune response to become more anti-inflammatory, hence decreasing tissue damage and facilitating the healing process. The ongoing inquiry into novel therapeutic approaches for mitigating neuroinflammation in stroke has significant promise. Cellular therapies, drug delivery systems using nanoparticles, gene therapy, immunomodulatory medications, and natural substances provide several methods to selectively target and reduce neuroinflammation. Continual advancements in these areas, supported by rigorous clinical research, are crucial for effectively transitioning these therapies from experimental phases to practical use, ultimately improving outcomes for stroke patients.