Original Articles
The Clinical Study and Management of Epistaxis- An interventional cohort study | |
Dr. Amit Kumar, Dr. Saurabh Kumar, Dr. Satyendra Sharma | |
Background: Epistaxis, a prevalent medical problem in the field of otolaryngology, refers to nosebleeds. This might potentially lead to major blood loss and need immediate medical attention. The predominance of anterior bleeding underscores its clinical prevalence, while the varied initial and surgical management approaches reflect the complexity of treating different severities. Aim and objectives: The investigation and treatment of Epistaxis in a clinical setting. Material and methods: This is an interventional cohort study in which a total of 100 cases were studied, comprising patients of all ages, sexes, occupations, and places of residence. Both outpatients and inpatients were included in this study. The evaluation of these patients was thorough, with efforts made to understand the pattern of clinical aspects, causes, and management of nasal bleeding as per the proforma. A detailed history was obtained from each patient, including past medical history and family history for additional context. Each patient underwent a meticulous general physical examination, followed by a systemic examination irrespective of their age or sex. Following the management of the bleeding and its underlying causes, patients were followed up for six months or until the bleeding recurred, whichever was later. This follow-up period was crucial to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment and to monitor any recurrence of symptoms. Results: The distribution of epistaxis types among the 100 patients shows that anterior bleeding was more common, affecting 70% of the patients, whereas posterior bleeding was observed in 30%. P value is statically significant(p<0.05). This indicates that anterior bleeding is more frequently encountered in clinical settings, aligning with common clinical observations that anterior epistaxis is more prevalent than posterior epistaxis. The initial management strategies for epistaxis varied among the 100 patients. Conservative measures were the most common approach, utilized in 40% of cases. Anterior nasal packing was performed in 35% of the patients, while posterior nasal packing was necessary in 15% of cases. Surgical interventions were required in 10% of the patients. These results indicate a preference for less invasive management options initially, with surgical interventions reserved for more severe or refractory cases. Among the 10 patients who required surgical interventions, the procedures performed included excisional biopsies (30%), antral washes (20%), septoplasty (30%), and cauterization (20%). The 10% recurrence rate underscores the need for continued monitoring and potentially more aggressive or different treatment strategies for those at higher risk of recurrence. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of epistaxis in a diverse patient cohort, highlighting its demographic characteristics, types, medical comorbidities, and management strategies. The predominance of anterior bleeding underscores its clinical prevalence, while the varied initial and surgical management approaches reflect the complexity of treating different severities. |
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