Background: Mild to moderate atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects millions of people worldwide. While topical corticosteroids are the standard treatment for this condition, they have limitations in terms of efficacy and safety. Topical Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have emerged as a promising alternative treatment option. Methods: This study compared the efficacy and safety of topical corticosteroids with topical JAK inhibitors in patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. A total of 120 patients were randomly assigned to receive either topical corticosteroids or topical JAK inhibitors for 8 weeks. Disease characteristics, including EASI score, pruritus score, sleep disturbance score, and quality of life score, were assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Treatment satisfaction and adverse events were also evaluated. Results: At 4 weeks, patients who received topical JAK inhibitors showed greater improvements in disease characteristics compared to those who received topical corticosteroids. At 8 weeks, the differences in disease characteristics between the two groups were even more pronounced, with topical JAK inhibitors showing greater efficacy in reducing disease severity and improving symptom severity. Patients who received topical JAK inhibitors also reported higher treatment satisfaction scores and a more favorable safety profile. Conclusion: This study suggests that topical JAK inhibitors may be a more effective and safer treatment option compared to topical corticosteroids for patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. The findings of this study have important implications for the management of this common chronic inflammatory skin disease.