Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a worldwide prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It can be due to morphological or biochemical changes and there may be increased secretion of male hormones (mainly androgen) in the female body. The aim of the study is to determine the factors affecting PCOS. Methods: This is a hospital based case control study, done by the medical students in Gulf Medical University, Ajman. The study included women of the reproductive age group who were asked to fill out a questionnaire made by the students which was validated by three medical experts. There were a total of 187 participants out of which 63 were cases and 124 were controls. The study was conducted over a period of 6months in the thumbay clinics and hospitals. The results were analysed using SPSS after being entered into EXCEL. The results were obtained using descriptive statistics and an association between variables was given by the Chi square test. Odds ratio was given by logistic regression. Results: After a thorough analysis, it was found that PCOS was found higher in married women and among 20-29 yrs age group. Women who had panic attacks, mood swings, sleep disturbances, slept less than six hours, menstrual irregularities, high cholesterol level, gestational diabetes, with high or low levels of thyroid, family history of PCOS were all factors in women which made them at a higher risk of developing PCOS. Women who suffered from receding hairline, hair loss, excessive hair growth, and acanthosis nigricans were at a high risk of having PCOS. Conclusions: PCOS is one of the most common endocrine disorders. It is recommended to get an early diagnosis for women having factors that prove to be of a higher risk. Early detection can help the women pave their way to a better future and saving them from complications involved with PCOS.