Background: For simple acute or chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been the gold standard of care, displacing traditional open cholecystectomy. The present study was conducted to compare harmonic scalpel versus monopolar electrocauterization in cholecystectomy. Materials & Methods: The study was conducted at PMCH Patna, Bihar from August 2021 to August 2023.70 patients aged 20 –70 years; physical status class I or II, according to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) diagnosed with simple acute or chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, scheduled for LC were divided into 2 groups of 35 each. Group I patients underwent Harmonic scalpel and group II conventional monopolar electrocautery. Parameters such as operative time, blood loss, conversion to laparotomy, postoperative hospital stay, post-LC pain etc. were recorded. Results: The mean operative time was 54.2 minutes in group I and 53.1 minutes in group II. The mean blood loss was 15.3 ml in group I and 14.8 ml in group II. There were 2 conversions to laparotomy in group I and 1 in group II, post operative hospital stay was 3.4 days in group I and 2.7 days in group II. The difference was non- significant (P> 0.05). Post operative pain on day 1 was 2.4 and 2.1, on day 2 was 1.8 and 1.4, on day 3 was 1.3 and 1.0 and on day 4 was 1.0 and 0.5 in group I and II respectively. Nausea/vomiting on day 1 was 2.5 and 2.5, on day 2 was 2.1 and 1.7, on day 3 was 2.0 and 1.3 and on day 4 was 1.3 and 0.7 respectively. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: For the treatment of simple cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy utilizing traditional monopolar electrocautery is equally safe and effective as using the Harmonic scalpel.