Context/Background: Uncorrected refractory error in children is the second leading cause of visual impairment in school-aged children, leading to isolation, low education, economic decline, and poor quality of life. Aims/Objectives: The objective was to determine the prevalence of uncorrected refractory error and evaluate the distribution and pattern of uncorrected refractive error in school-going children in the Rajkot district of Gujarat state. Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 500 school-going children of both genders of age group 5 years to 16 years selected by non-probability convenient sampling and underwent detailed visual assessment and ophthalmic examinations including measurement of uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, auto-refraction, and detailed squint evaluation, if present. Those found to have refractive errors were evaluated and categorized according to the type of refractive error. Statistical analysis was done using the chi-square test and the p-value was determined. Results: The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error was 28% with the mean age of children being 9.81± 2.72 years (range, 6 to 14). Astigmatism (73.6%) was the most common refractive error, followed by myopia (15%) and then hypermetropia (11.4%). No significant gender-based difference (p>0.05) in the prevalence of uncorrected refractory error was and the prevalence significantly (p<0.01) increased with age. Conclusions: The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error among school-going children is very high and is now emerging to be the commonest cause of treatable visual impairment. Early detection and management by increasing screening efforts in an organized manner is needed to be done to prevent the prevalence of lifelong visual morbidity due to uncorrected refractory error.