Introduction: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (pTB) remains a significant global health concern, with 10 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths reported in 2021. Interleukins (ILs), particularly IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, play pivotal roles in the cellular immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Understanding their complex interactions is crucial for developing targeted therapies. Hence, we aimed to explore the nuanced roles of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in pTB.Methodology: In this study, 300 participants were categorized into 100 individuals as healthy controls and 200 diagnosed with pTB. Blood specimens were gathered, and the concentrations of ILs in the serum were assessed through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and the results were statistically analysed.Results: The demographics revealed significant TB-IgG and TB-IgM antibodies in pTB patients. Immunological parameters show marked increases in pTB cases across genders and ages. Serum cytokine correlations unveil a strong correlation between IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. Gender-specific analyses reveal positive correlations in males but not females, suggesting variations in immune responses. Age-specific correlations highlight nuanced interactions, with age-related differences observed. These findings underscore the complex cytokine interplay in pTB, influenced by gender and age.Conclusion:Our findings conclude that these cytokines can serve as indicators of disease activity and the progression of inflammation in pulmonary tuberculosis.