Introduction: Adiponectin is known for its role in modulating adipogenesis, enhancing fatty acid oxidation, and regulating insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus (DM). On the other hand, Leptin is believed to function as a hormone with insulin antagonist properties, significantly impacting glucose metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate serum adiponectin and leptin levels in individuals with impaired fasting glucose, compared to healthy controls. Methods: We recruited 200 participants diagnosed with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 200 healthy controls. We measured serum adiponectin and leptin levels and assessed fasting and postprandial blood glucose, insulin resistance markers, and lipid profiles. Results: Our analysis revealed a notable decrease in serum adiponectin levels in the IGT group compared to controls. Conversely, serum leptin levels were significantly elevated in the IGT cohort compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential roles of adiponectin and leptin in influencing glucose metabolism and insulin resistance pathways. Adiponectin, particularly in the prediabetic phase, emerges as a significant biomarker, offering promise for early detection and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and preventing associated complications.