Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing COVID-19, extends its impact beyond the respiratory system, often affecting the kidneys. Understanding the mechanisms of renal involvement is vital for effective management. This study explores how SARS-CoV-2 induces Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and its implications, aiming to bridge gaps in Central data. Material and Methods: Conducted at NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, from January 1, 2021, to June 30, 2022, this prospective study screened 2,830 COVID-19 patients. Ethical approval was obtained, and 200 AKI cases were identified based on RT-PCR confirmation. Inclusion criteria comprised age > 18 years and positive RT-PCR results. Data included demographic profiles, medical history, and various investigations, with follow-up after 90 days. Results: The cohort's mean age was 59.38 ± 15.2 years, with a predominant male representation (74%). Incidence of AKI was 7.07%, revealing significant insights into COVID-19-associated renal complications. Proteinuria (55%) and hematuria (39.50%) were common on admission, persisting in survivors after 90 days (17.44% and 8.14%, respectively). Hemodialysis was administered in 2% of cases, with notable challenges. In-hospital mortality was 57%, with mortality associations identified for various factors, including inotropic support, oxygen requirement and inflammatory markers. Conclusion: This study underscores the prevalence of AKI in COVID-19 patients, emphasizing its association with increased mortality and persistent renal damage post-discharge. Regular follow-up for potential CKD development is crucial. Mortality risk factors, including inotropic support and heightened inflammatory markers, necessitate a multidisciplinary approach for immediate and long-term patient well-being. The findings contribute valuable insights into the complex interplay between COVID-19 and renal health, guiding future research and clinical management strategies.