Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent in our population in spite of changes on guidelines about the regular supplementation of vitamin D during pregnancy and infancy. The maternal vitamin D levels has impact on pregnancy outcome and neonate health. There is dire need of data from various parts of India to plan the appropriate management plan. Aims and objectives: a)To study the vitamin D status in rural & urban mothers and their neonates. b)To study the correlation of vitamin D status among above groups. Results: The Urban group, 47.50% of newborns were male and 52.50% were female, while in the Rural group 71.25% were male and 28.75% were female.The Mean±SD of birth weight of newborn in the Urban and in the Rural groups was 3188.75±176.93 gms and 3182.13±243.52 gms respectively with a p value (0.450).The time duration (Mean±SD) of sun exposure / day in the last trimester of pregnancy in the Urban and Rural groups was 0.9938±0.59 hrs and 1.2375±0.74 hrs respectively, with a p value (0.019).The mean maternal vitamin D levels was13.79±6.57 ng/mlin the Urban group and 16.93±7.24 ng/ml in the Rural group with a p value of 0.003.The mean of cord blood vitamin D levels was 13.66±7.61 ng/ml in the Urban group and 16.67±7.94 ng/ml in the Rural group with p value of 0.000.Maternal vitamin D levels showed a strong positive correlation with cord blood vitamin D levels in the Urban group (r = 0.808, p<0.001). Similarly, there was a strong positive correlation in the Rural group also (r = 0.740, p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant mothers and their neonates is high in both the Urban and Rural groups.