Background: A major worry in thyroid surgery is iatrogenic harm to the Recurrent laryngeal nerve. One major consequence of vocal cord paralysis is thyroidectomy. Objective: Using a single-institutional data set, we assessed the rate of RLN injury in patients having thyroid surgery and looked into the variables linked to RLN injury during thyroid surgery. Methods: Forty-nine patients (22 females, 27 males) whose median age was 41 years who had undergone thyroidectomy in our department in the last 3 years were selected for retrospective analysis. Results: Of the 49 cases, we were able to identify the recurrent laryngeal nerve in 15 (30.61%), but in the remaining 34 individuals, we were unable to do so. Nine patients had transient RLN damage, while six patients had chronic RLN injury. Vocal cord paresis was temporary in five cases (10.2%) and bilateral in two cases. In postoperative instances with malignant illness (22.45% in malignant vs. 8.16% in benign disease) and non-identifying of RLN during surgery (10.2% in identification vs. 20.4% in non-identification), the prevalence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury rose dramatically. Conclusion: It may be possible to prevent iatrogenic damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve or its branches by carefully tracing, identifying, and exposing the nerve itself. A markedly elevated incidence of operational recurrent laryngeal nerve damage was linked to thyroid cancer, re-operation for recurrent goiter, and non identification of RLN.