Children born before 37 weeks of pregnancy, considered as premature. They are at a greater risk of abnormal visual and neurological development, in comparison to full term. Susceptibility to these long term deficits may manifest during the first 2 yrs of life. A large number of visual deficits are common in preterm born, such as Retinopathy of prematurity, refractive errors , abnormal stereopsis, strabismus, impaired contrast sensitivity, deficits in cortical visual processing and other developmental defects of eye. Routine ophthalmic screening may not detect the problems in initial stages. Hence, these impairments can continue to adolescence and adulthood, contribute to various visual problems, including psychological and educational, which are the main obstacles in life of preterm borns. The most common ailment is Retinopathy of prematurity. The frequency and diversity of visual deficit is inversely proportional to gestational age.