The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has emerged as a significant strategy in the treatment of disorders characterized by impaired cholinergic neurotransmission. Carbamates, a class of compounds defined by the carbamate functional group (R-O-C(=O)-NR2), have garnered substantial attention as potent AChE inhibitors. This article highlights the mechanisms underlying the interaction of carbamates with AChE and their diverse therapeutic applications.